Kazakhstan’s 2025 Compliance Shake-Up: What Corporations Must Prepare for Now

Table of Contents

• Executive Summary: The Evolving Landscape of Compliance in Kazakhstan
• Regulatory Authorities: Who Sets the Rules? (minfin.gov.kz, adilet.zan.kz)
• Key Legislative Changes for 2025 and Beyond
• Mandatory Compliance Requirements for Corporations
• Taxation and Financial Reporting Updates
• Anti-Corruption Enforcement: Trends and Case Studies
• Sector-Specific Compliance Challenges (Energy, Finance, Tech)
• Penalties, Audits, and Enforcement Mechanisms
• Strategic Compliance Best Practices for 2025-2030
• Future Outlook: Anticipated Reforms and Emerging Risks
• Sources & References

Executive Summary: The Evolving Landscape of Compliance in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan’s corporate compliance landscape is experiencing significant transformation as the government intensifies its focus on transparency, anti-corruption, and alignment with international standards. In 2025, the regulatory environment remains dynamic, shaped by ongoing reforms, digitalization initiatives, and heightened enforcement. These developments reflect Kazakhstan’s strategic efforts to foster a more attractive investment climate and enhance corporate governance.

A pivotal event shaping compliance is the ongoing implementation of the Law "On Combating Corruption", which mandates robust internal controls, risk management, and anti-bribery measures for companies operating in Kazakhstan. The Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Anti-Corruption Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan have intensified oversight, introducing stricter reporting obligations and regular compliance audits. In 2023–2024, over 900 corruption-related cases were investigated, signaling an increasingly proactive enforcement posture (Anti-Corruption Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan).

Corporate compliance is also influenced by Kazakhstan’s commitments to the OECD and FATF recommendations. In 2024, amendments to the Law "On Combating Legalization (Laundering) of Proceeds from Crime and Financing of Terrorism" introduced enhanced due diligence requirements for politically exposed persons (PEPs) and beneficial ownership transparency. The Agency for Regulation and Development of the Financial Market of the Republic of Kazakhstan actively monitors implementation, particularly in the financial sector, to mitigate money laundering and terrorism financing risks.

Digitalization is another key driver. The launch of the Unified Compliance Register and expansion of the e-gov platform have streamlined regulatory filings, increased data accessibility, and improved governmental monitoring capabilities (Electronic Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan). These digital tools are expected to reduce compliance costs and ease administrative burdens for businesses in the coming years.

Looking ahead, Kazakhstan’s compliance regime will likely become more rigorous. The National Anti-Corruption Strategy 2022–2026 prioritizes corporate ethics, whistleblower protection, and cross-border cooperation. Companies, particularly those in banking, extractives, and state procurement, must anticipate more frequent audits and stricter penalties for non-compliance. With the government’s commitment to global best practices, Kazakhstan is poised to solidify its reputation as a transparent and accountable business destination by 2025 and beyond.

Regulatory Authorities: Who Sets the Rules? (minfin.gov.kz, adilet.zan.kz)

In Kazakhstan, the regulatory landscape governing corporate compliance is shaped by a network of state authorities and legislative frameworks that set, enforce, and oversee rules for businesses. As of 2025, the principal bodies responsible for drafting and implementing compliance-related regulations include the Ministry of Finance, the Agency for Regulation and Development of the Financial Market, and sector-specific regulators. The Ministry of Finance plays a central role in shaping fiscal, tax, and anti-money laundering (AML) standards relevant to corporate entities. This ministry, through its subordinate bodies like the State Revenue Committee, issues key compliance requirements regarding financial reporting, tax obligations, and the prevention of illicit financial flows (Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan).

The regulatory framework is further solidified by the country’s legislative acts, most of which are accessible through the official legal portal Adilet. Key laws impacting corporate compliance include the Law “On Combating Legalization (Laundering) of Proceeds from Crime and Financing of Terrorism,” the Law “On Joint Stock Companies,” and the Law “On Limited and Additional Liability Partnerships” (Adilet). These statutes define the obligations of legal entities in areas such as information disclosure, anti-corruption, internal controls, and corporate governance.

Recent years have seen a tightening of compliance requirements in response to international commitments and evolving business risks. For example, in 2023 and 2024, Kazakhstan introduced amendments aligning with the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), strengthening AML and anti-corruption measures. The Ministry of Finance has increased oversight of beneficial ownership disclosure and enhanced reporting standards, aiming to bring local practices closer to global norms (Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan).

Statistically, regulatory enforcement has become more robust, with an increase in the number of compliance audits and administrative actions initiated by state bodies. According to official data, the number of corporate inspections related to financial and tax compliance grew by approximately 15% from 2022 to 2024, reflecting the government’s prioritization of transparency and integrity in the business sector (Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan).

Looking ahead to 2025 and beyond, continued digitalization of state services and greater integration into international regulatory frameworks are expected. Regulatory authorities are likely to introduce further electronic compliance reporting and enhance cross-border information exchange, signaling a progressively sophisticated compliance environment for corporations operating in Kazakhstan.

Key Legislative Changes for 2025 and Beyond

Kazakhstan’s regulatory framework for corporate compliance is undergoing significant transformation as the country seeks to align with international best practices and enhance the transparency of its business environment. In 2025 and the coming years, several key legislative changes are poised to impact the corporate compliance landscape.

One of the most notable developments is the ongoing implementation of the new Entrepreneurial Code and related amendments to anti-corruption and corporate governance legislation. The government has prioritized strengthening anti-bribery measures in line with its commitments under the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) accession process. In 2024, Kazakhstan adopted amendments to the Law on Combating Corruption—expanding the liability of legal entities and introducing stricter requirements for internal compliance programs, including mandatory whistleblowing mechanisms and regular risk assessments for companies operating in high-risk sectors.

A major shift in 2025 is the planned introduction of a Unified Compliance Register, overseen by the Agency for Financial Monitoring of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This register will require companies in designated sectors (banking, extractives, and public procurement) to submit annual compliance declarations and report beneficial ownership information—a move aimed at reinforcing anti-money laundering (AML) and countering the financing of terrorism (CFT) standards in accordance with recommendations from the Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism (EAG).

Additionally, the Law on Joint Stock Companies and related commercial legislation are being revised to clarify directors’ fiduciary duties and further regulate related-party transactions. In 2024, the Ministry of Justice initiated public consultations on draft amendments to introduce stricter disclosure obligations and enhanced board oversight for listed and large private companies—expected to come into force in 2025.

• According to the Ministry of Justice, over 2,500 companies were subject to compliance audits in 2023, a figure projected to increase by 30% in 2025 due to new reporting obligations.
• The Agency for Financial Monitoring reported a 25% rise in suspicious transaction reports in the first half of 2024 following new AML requirements.

Looking ahead, the outlook for corporate compliance in Kazakhstan is one of increasing regulatory scrutiny and enhanced corporate transparency. With ongoing reforms and the introduction of digital compliance infrastructure, companies will need to invest more resources in building robust internal controls, employee training, and regular compliance monitoring to avoid substantial penalties and reputational risks.

Mandatory Compliance Requirements for Corporations

Kazakhstan’s corporate compliance landscape in 2025 is shaped by a robust legal framework and ongoing reforms aimed at aligning with international best practices. The cornerstone of mandatory compliance for corporations is the Civil Code and the Law on Limited and Additional Liability Partnerships, which set forth requirements for company formation, governance, and reporting. All legal entities must register with the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan and adhere to statutory reporting obligations.

Tax compliance remains a primary focus, with corporations required to register for tax purposes, maintain accurate accounting records, and submit regular reports to the State Revenue Committee. As of 2025, electronic filing systems for tax and financial documents are mandatory for most companies, streamlining oversight and reducing administrative burdens.

Anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorism financing (CTF) measures are governed by the Law on Combating the Legalization of Proceeds from Crime and Financing of Terrorism. Corporations operating in sectors deemed vulnerable—such as banking, real estate, and legal services—must implement internal controls, conduct due diligence, and report suspicious transactions to the Agency for Financial Monitoring of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Data protection compliance is increasingly significant. The Law on Personal Data and Its Protection requires corporations to obtain consent for data processing, ensure data security, and register databases containing personal data with the Ministry of Digital Development, Innovations and Aerospace Industry. Non-compliance can result in administrative fines and potential suspension of data processing activities.

Corporate transparency is further enforced through annual financial audits, obligatory for joint-stock companies and large enterprises. Auditors must be accredited by the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Companies listed on the Astana International Exchange must also meet enhanced disclosure and corporate governance standards per the Astana International Exchange rules.

The regulatory environment is expected to become more stringent in the next few years, with planned updates to AML/CTF regulations and digital compliance requirements. The government’s Digital Kazakhstan initiative will likely expand electronic compliance systems and increase regulatory oversight using digital tools.

• As of 2025, over 500,000 legal entities are registered nationwide (Bureau of National Statistics).
• In 2024, the State Revenue Committee reported a 95% compliance rate for electronic tax filings among corporations.

Looking forward, corporations should anticipate heightened enforcement and evolving reporting obligations, particularly in digital data protection and financial transparency. Proactive compliance programs and regular training will be essential to mitigate risks and meet Kazakhstan’s evolving regulatory standards.

Taxation and Financial Reporting Updates

Kazakhstan continues to modernize its taxation and financial reporting frameworks, reflecting its commitment to international standards and enhancing corporate transparency. In 2025, several legislative updates and regulatory initiatives are shaping the landscape of corporate compliance for both domestic and foreign entities operating in the country.

One of the most significant recent developments is the ongoing implementation of the updated Tax Code, which came into effect in January 2024. This code introduces stricter requirements for tax residency determination, digital tax filing, and the mandatory use of electronic invoicing for value-added tax (VAT) purposes. All large taxpayers must now submit electronic VAT invoices and maintain digital records, aligning with the government’s digitalization agenda. The State Revenue Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan has strengthened its oversight of cross-border transactions, transfer pricing, and beneficial ownership disclosure, aiming to reduce tax evasion and profit shifting (State Revenue Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan).

Additionally, Kazakhstan has advanced its alignment with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). As of 2025, all public interest entities—including banks, insurance companies, and listed firms—are required to prepare consolidated financial statements under IFRS, while small and medium-sized entities may apply simplified standards. The Astana Financial Services Authority (AFSA) continues to enforce rigorous reporting and disclosure obligations for entities registered within the Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC), further integrating global best practices into the national framework.

• According to the State Revenue Committee, over 95% of VAT invoices in Kazakhstan were submitted electronically in 2024, indicating high compliance with digital tax reporting mandates.
• The AFSA reports a steady increase in the number of companies adhering to annual audited IFRS statements, particularly among financial institutions and large corporates.

Looking ahead to 2025 and beyond, the compliance environment in Kazakhstan is expected to tighten further. The government plans to expand its e-audit capabilities and introduce real-time monitoring of tax obligations. Meanwhile, anticipated amendments to anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorism financing (CTF) regulations will require more comprehensive financial disclosures and due diligence from corporates (Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan for Regulation and Development of the Financial Market).

In summary, companies operating in Kazakhstan face increasingly sophisticated requirements for tax and financial reporting compliance. Proactive adaptation to digital systems, international standards, and evolving regulatory expectations will be essential for maintaining good standing and avoiding penalties in this dynamic environment.

Anti-Corruption Enforcement: Trends and Case Studies

Kazakhstan continues to intensify its anti-corruption enforcement, directly impacting corporate compliance frameworks in 2025 and beyond. The country’s strategic alignment with global standards is reflected in legislative amendments and the increasing activity of its anti-corruption bodies. In August 2022, amendments to the Law “On Combating Corruption” introduced stricter liability for legal entities, expanded the scope of prohibited actions, and increased fines for corrupt practices. These changes have prompted companies to reinforce internal control systems and compliance training programs.

The Agency for Civil Service Affairs and Anti-Corruption of the Republic of Kazakhstan reported that in 2023, over 1,300 corruption-related crimes were registered, with a significant portion involving officials in state procurement and public services. In response, the agency has intensified audits and compliance checks, particularly targeting sectors such as construction, energy, and extractives, which are deemed high-risk for bribery and fraud.

Recent enforcement cases highlight the government’s zero-tolerance policy. For instance, several senior managers of state-owned enterprises faced prosecution for bribery and abuse of office in 2023. These high-profile prosecutions have set precedent and serve as case studies for corporate compliance officers, underscoring the need for robust due diligence, whistleblower protection mechanisms, and transparent reporting structures. Corporates operating in Kazakhstan are now encouraged to implement anti-bribery programs aligned with the recommendations of the OECD Working Group on Bribery, of which Kazakhstan is a participant country.

Statistically, the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan shows a gradual increase in the number of companies voluntarily disclosing compliance breaches, indicating growing awareness and adoption of compliance best practices. Moreover, the introduction of electronic compliance monitoring platforms is enabling more effective risk management and reporting.

Looking ahead, Kazakhstan’s anti-corruption enforcement is expected to expand further, with draft regulations proposing mandatory anti-corruption compliance programs for companies engaging in public procurement and large-scale investment projects. The government aims to facilitate public-private partnerships in compliance education, creating a more transparent and accountable business environment. For 2025 and the coming years, multinational and domestic companies alike must anticipate heightened scrutiny and adapt their compliance systems proactively to mitigate legal and reputational risks.

Sector-Specific Compliance Challenges (Energy, Finance, Tech)

Kazakhstan’s corporate compliance landscape in 2025 is notably shaped by sector-specific regulatory frameworks, particularly within the energy, finance, and technology sectors. Each sector faces distinct compliance challenges due to evolving legislation, increased governmental oversight, and international obligations.

• Energy Sector: Kazakhstan’s energy sector, especially oil and gas, remains a strategic area for the country’s economy and a focal point for anti-corruption and environmental compliance. Amendments to the Environmental Code and the Law on Subsoil and Subsoil Use continue to impose rigorous environmental and reporting standards on extractive companies. The government has also prioritized transparency through mechanisms aligned with the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), obligating firms to publicly disclose production and revenue data. In addition, increased penalties for non-compliance with environmental regulations have become prominent, reflecting the authorities’ commitment to ecological sustainability (Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan).
• Finance Sector: The financial sector is under heightened regulatory scrutiny, particularly regarding anti-money laundering (AML) and combating the financing of terrorism (CFT). The Agency for Regulation and Development of the Financial Market has implemented stricter due diligence, risk management, and reporting requirements for banks and financial institutions. The National Bank of Kazakhstan has also mandated the adoption of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) and robust internal control systems to ensure market integrity and investor protection. As Kazakhstan seeks to attract foreign investment and integrate further with global markets, compliance with international AML/CFT standards remains a top priority (Agency for Regulation and Development of the Financial Market).
• Technology Sector: The technology sector faces rising compliance obligations related to data privacy, cybersecurity, and digital infrastructure. The Law on Personal Data and Its Protection has been recently amended to address gaps in cross-border data transfers and consent requirements. Regulatory authorities have increased inspections and imposed fines for breaches, urging tech companies to enhance data management and security protocols. The government’s ongoing digitalization agenda, as outlined in the “Digital Kazakhstan” program, is expected to drive further regulatory updates and compliance requirements in the coming years (Digital Kazakhstan).

Looking ahead, regulatory authorities are expected to intensify their oversight and enforcement activities across these sectors. Companies operating in Kazakhstan must therefore remain vigilant, monitor legislative developments, and invest in robust compliance systems to mitigate sector-specific risks and align with both domestic and international standards.

Penalties, Audits, and Enforcement Mechanisms

Kazakhstan’s approach to corporate compliance in 2025 is characterized by intensified regulatory scrutiny, enhanced enforcement tools, and a notable increase in administrative penalties. The legislative foundation is anchored in the Criminal Code, the Administrative Offenses Code, and sector-specific statutes such as the Law on Combating Corruption. These laws empower the state to impose fines, suspend business operations, and, in grave cases, dissolve legal entities for non-compliance.

In 2024, the Agency for Civil Service Affairs and Anti-Corruption reported a 15% increase in compliance-related investigations compared to 2022, with over 1,200 corporate entities subject to administrative actions. Notably, amendments to the Administrative Offenses Code in late 2023 raised fines for anti-corruption violations to as much as 500% of the illicit gain, and introduced mandatory internal compliance programs for companies operating in high-risk sectors.

Audits remain a primary enforcement mechanism, conducted by the State Revenue Committee for tax and customs compliance, and sectoral regulators such as the Agency for Financial Monitoring for anti-money laundering. The frequency and scope of unplanned audits increased in 2023, with the State Revenue Committee initiating over 6,000 unscheduled inspections, a 20% rise year-on-year. In addition, the Ministry of Energy and other sectoral authorities have implemented risk-based approaches, targeting companies with prior violations or operating in vulnerable industries.

Enforcement mechanisms now leverage digital platforms, such as the e-Government portal, for whistleblowing, public disclosure of penalties, and real-time monitoring. The Anti-Corruption Agency has prioritized transparency, publishing annual reports on enforcement actions and establishing channels for anonymous reporting.

Looking ahead, authorities are expected to further digitalize compliance monitoring and expand cross-agency data sharing. The government’s Ministry of National Economy projects a continued rise in audits and enforcement actions through 2026, particularly in sectors such as finance, construction, and extractives. As Kazakhstan aligns with international compliance standards, companies face higher expectations regarding internal controls, reporting, and cooperation with regulators.

Strategic Compliance Best Practices for 2025-2030

Kazakhstan’s corporate compliance landscape is evolving rapidly in response to legal reforms, international cooperation, and increased enforcement. For the 2025-2030 period, companies operating in Kazakhstan must adapt their compliance strategies to align with both domestic law and international expectations, especially as the country seeks to enhance its investment climate and align with global business standards.

Key legal frameworks underpinning compliance include the Law “On Combating Corruption,” the Criminal Code, and the Law “On Limited and Additional Liability Partnerships.” The government has reinforced anti-corruption measures and corporate transparency across all sectors, requiring companies to implement robust internal controls, risk management, and reporting systems. In 2023-2024, Kazakhstan strengthened requirements for anti-money laundering (AML) and know-your-customer (KYC) procedures, under close supervision by the Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan for Financial Monitoring.

Best practices for strategic compliance between 2025 and 2030 include:

• Regular Compliance Risk Assessments: Companies should conduct annual risk assessments tailored to sector-specific risks and evolving regulatory requirements, as recommended by the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
• Automated Compliance Monitoring: Leveraging digital platforms for real-time monitoring of transactions and third-party engagements helps detect irregularities and supports compliance with AML laws.
• Mandatory Employee Training: Ongoing training is critical to foster a culture of compliance; from 2025, enhanced training modules are expected to reflect updated legal obligations and whistleblower protections.
• Transparent Reporting and Whistleblowing Systems: Establishing secure, anonymous channels for reporting violations is strongly encouraged by the Anti-Corruption Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
• Board-Level Oversight: Strengthening compliance functions at the board and executive level is crucial, with regular briefings on regulatory developments and enforcement trends.

Statistically, in 2024 the number of corporate investigations increased by 25% compared to 2022, and enforcement actions targeting non-compliance—especially regarding anti-corruption and AML—are projected to rise further by 2030, according to the Anti-Corruption Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Companies are also expected to intensify due diligence on local partners and supply chains in anticipation of stricter enforcement.

The outlook for 2025-2030 emphasizes proactive compliance management, transparency, and integration of international standards. As Kazakhstan continues regulatory alignment with the Eurasian Economic Union and OECD recommendations, companies that invest in advanced compliance systems will be better positioned to mitigate risks and ensure sustainable operations.

Future Outlook: Anticipated Reforms and Emerging Risks

Kazakhstan is poised for significant developments in the realm of corporate compliance in 2025 and the ensuing years, as government authorities intensify efforts to align with international standards and reinforce the integrity of the business environment. Central to the anticipated reforms is the continued implementation of the 2022 Law “On Combating Corruption,” which mandates stricter internal control systems, enhanced whistleblowing mechanisms, and greater transparency from both private and state-owned enterprises. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan has underscored the need for ongoing modernization of anti-corruption regulations, signaling further legislative updates in 2025 to close loopholes and strengthen corporate accountability frameworks.

Another key area of focus for compliance is data protection and cyber risk. With the growing digitalization of corporate processes, government agencies are expected to increase oversight and introduce new rules regarding data handling and privacy in line with the “Digital Kazakhstan” initiative. The Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan has already updated the Law “On Personal Data and Their Protection,” and additional amendments are anticipated to further harmonize with global standards, particularly the GDPR. This will require companies to elevate their compliance protocols regarding cybersecurity and personal data management, or face administrative penalties.

Compliance with anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing (AML/CTF) is also entering a new phase. On the heels of the 2023 mutual evaluation by the Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering, Kazakhstan committed to remedial actions, including stricter KYC (Know Your Customer) requirements and higher reporting standards for suspicious transactions. The Agency for Financial Monitoring of the Republic of Kazakhstan is expected to roll out further regulatory guidance and conduct more frequent audits, particularly in high-risk sectors such as banking, extractives, and real estate.

Statistically, compliance enforcement is intensifying. In 2023, the Anti-Corruption Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan reported a 12% increase in corporate investigations and a 15% rise in administrative fines compared to the previous year, with projections indicating a continued upward trajectory into 2025. This trend reflects both heightened enforcement activity and an expanding regulatory scope.

Looking ahead, companies operating in Kazakhstan will need to adopt more robust compliance frameworks, invest in employee training, and leverage digital tools for risk monitoring. The regulatory landscape is expected to grow more complex, with a shift from reactive to proactive compliance strategies. Engagement with local authorities and early adaptation to new rules will be critical for minimizing risks and maintaining business continuity in the evolving Kazakhstani market.

Sources & References

• Law "On Combating Corruption"
• Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan
• Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism
• Astana International Exchange
• Bureau of National Statistics
• State Revenue Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan
• Astana Financial Services Authority
• Digital Kazakhstan